New age: Details about 'Edgar Cayce'
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Edgar Cayce (March 18, 1877 – January 3, 1945) (pronounced /'keɪsiː/) was an American psychic who channeled answers to questions on subjects such as astrology, reincarnation, and Atlantis while in trance. He may have been the source for the idea that California would fall into the ocean (though he never said exactly this). Although Cayce lived before the emergence of the New Age movement, he remains a major influence on its teachings. Cayce became an American celebrity towards the end of his life and the publicity given to his prophecy has overshadowed what to him were the more important parts of his work such as healing (the vast majority of his "readings" were given for people who were sick) or Christian theology (Cayce being a lifelong, devout member of the Disciples of Christ). Skeptics challenge Cayce's claim to psychic prowess, while conservative Christians also question his unorthodox answers on religious matters (such as reincarnation and akashic records). Today there are several tens of thousands of Cayce students. Most are located in the United States and Canada, but Edgar Cayce Centers are now found in 25 other countries. The Association for Research and Enlightenment (ARE), headquartered in Virginia Beach, is the major organization promoting interest in Cayce.
Claimed abilitiesCayce has variously been referred to as a "prophet" (cf. Jess Stearn's book, The Sleeping Prophet), a "mystic", a "seer", and a "clairvoyant". Cayce's business card presented him as a "psychic diagnostician". Cayce became famous for answering questions while in what appeared to be a trance or "sleeping" state. The trance was "conducted" by one person, usually on behalf of the person requesting the session (who need not have been present). The information thus given came to be called "readings". At first these readings dealt primarily with the physical health of the individual ("physical readings"); later readings on past lives, business advice, dream interpretation, and mental or spiritual health were also given. With time, many of the New Age themes emerged for which Cayce is now famous. Cayce believed his trance statements should be taken into account only to the extent that they led to a better life for the recipient: "Does it make one a better husband, a better businessman, a better neighbor, a better artist, a better churchman? If so, cleave to it; if not, reject it." Moreover, he invited his audience to test his suggestions rather than accept them on faith. Other abilities that have been claimed by Cayce, or on his behalf, include astral projection, prophesying, mediumship (communication with the dead), viewing the Akashic Records or "Book of Life", and seeing auras. The ReadingsEdgar Cayce gave over 14,000 "readings" during a period of 43 years (1901 to 1944). When out of the trance, he claimed generally not to remember what he had said during the reading. The unconscious mind, according to Cayce, has access to information which the conscious mind does not — a common theory about hypnosis in Cayce's time. Most records come from the period after 1925, when his secretary Gladys Davis recorded the readings, and his wife Gertrude Evans Cayce conducted (guided) the readings. The readings are customarily divided into the following categories: Physical Readings: 9,603 extant readings. Life Readings: 1,920 extant readings Business Readings: 747 extant readings. Dream Readings: 630 extant readings. Mental and Spiritual Readings: 450 extant readings Other Readings: 954 extant readings Cayce readings are usually referenced using a numeric tag in which the first number is a code representing the recipient (most of their identities remain secret), while the second counts which reading it is, in the case of a person who receives more than one. 5749-14 for example is the fourteenth reading given for person # 5749 (whose assigned number is essentially arbitrary). Major themesThe choice of which elements of the Cayce corpus to emphasize is frought with hermeneutic hazards. The health readings are most numerous, and they involve many alternative health concepts and practices. Cayce described his work in terms of Christian service. Finally, people with esoteric or metaphysical interests have focused on a somewhat different set of topics.
BiographyEdgar Cayce was born into a farming family on March 18,1877 near Beverly, seven miles south of Hopkinsville, Kentucky. One convenient way to divide Cayce's life is according to geography: 1877 to 1920--the Kentucky period.In December 1893 the family moved to Hopkinsville, Kentucky and occupied 705 West Seventh, on the south-east corner of Seventh and Young Street. During this time Cayce received an eighth-grade education; discovered his spiritual vocation; left the family farm to pursue various forms of employment (at Richard's Dry Goods Store, then in Hopper's Bookstore both located on Main Street). Cayce's education stopped with the eighth grade, not because of his incapability but because his family could not afford the costs involved. Additionally, at that time a great deal more advanced material (especially in mathematics and practical sciences) was presented at an earlier level in public schools; an eighth-grade education might be the equivalent of high school today, at least in some subjects, and was often considered more than sufficient for working-class children. Much of the remainder of Cayce's life would be characterized by a forlorn search for employment and/or money. Throughout his life Cayce was drawn to church as a member of the Disciples of Christ. He read the Bible once for every year of his life, taught at Sunday school, recruited missionaries, and is said to have agonized over the issue of whether his psychic abilities--and the teachings which resulted--were spiritually legitimate. In 1900 he formed a business partnership with his father to sell Woodmen of the World Insurance but was struck by severe laryngitis in March that resulted in a complete loss of speech on April 18.Unable to work, he lived at home with his parents for almost a year. He then decided to take up trade of photography, an occupation that would exert less strain on his voice. He began an apprenticeship in the photography studio of W. R. Bowles at in Hopkinsville. A travelling stage hypnotist and entertainer called "Hart-The Laugh Man," was performing at the Hopkinsville Opera House in 1901. He heard about Cayce's condition and offered to attempt a cure. Cayce accepted and the experiment took place on stage in front of an audience. Remarkably, Cayce's voice returned while in a hypnotic trance but disappeared on awakening. Hart tried a post-hypnotic suggestion that the voice would continue to function after the trance but this proved unsuccessful. Since Hart had appointments at other cities, he could not continue his hypnotic treatment to Cayce. However, Al Layne offered to help Cayce in restoring his voice. Layne suggested that Cayce describe the nature of his condition and cure while in a hypnotic trance. Cayce described his own ailment from a first person plural point of view — 'we' — instead of the singular "I." In subsequent readings he would generally start off with "We have the body." According to the reading, his voice loss was due to psychological paralysis and could be corrected by increasing the blood flow to the voice box. Layne suggested that the blood flow be increased and Cayce's face became flushed with blood and his chest area turned bright red. After 20 minutes Cayce, still in trance, declared the treatment over. On awakening his voice remained normal. Relapses occurred but were corrected by Layne in the same way and eventually the cure was permanent. Layne had read of similar hypnotic cures effected by the Marquis Chastenet de Puysegur, a follower of Franz Mesmer, and was keen to explore the limits of the healing knowledge of the trance voice. He asked Cayce to describe Layne's own ailments and suggest cures, and reportedly found the results both accurate and effective. Layne suggested that Cayce offer his trance healing to the public but Cayce was reluctant. He finally agreed on the condition that readings would be free. He began with Layne's help to offer free treatments to the townspeople. Reportedly he had great success and his fame spread. Reports of Cayce's work appeared in the newspapers, inspiring many postal inquiries. Supposedly, Cayce was able to work just as effectively using a letter from the individual as with having the person present. Given the person's name and location, he could diagnose the physical,mental conditions and provide corrective remedy. Cayce's accuracy in diagnosing the problems and providing effective cures made him more popular and soon people from around the world sought his advice through correspondence. Cayce's work grew in volume as his fame grew. He reluctantly asked for voluntary donations to support himself and his family so that he could practice full time. He continued to work in an apparent trance state with a hypnotist all his life. His wife and eldest son later replaced Layne in this role. A secretary, Gladys Davis, recorded his readings in shorthand. The trance reading produced a visible strain on Cayce's health. He attributed the occasional failure in his accuracy to the stress involved in his work. He was scrupulous in giving refunds to unsatisfied clients. 1920 to 1923--the Texas periodThe growing fame of Cayce coupled with the popularity he received from newspapers attracted several eager commercially minded men who wanted to seek a fortune by using Cayce's clairvoyant abilities. Even though Cayce was reluctant to help them, he was persuaded to give the readings, which left him dissatisfied with himself and unsuccessful. A cotton merchant offered Cayce a hundred dollars a day for his readings about the daily outcomes in the cotton market. However, despite of his poor finances, Cayce refused the merchant's offer. Others wanted to know where to hunt for treasures; some wanted to know the outcome of horse races. Several times he was persuaded to give the readings as an experiment. However he was unsuccesful several times when he used his ability for such purposes. These experiments left him depleted of energy, distraught and unsatisfied with himself. Finally he came to the conclusion that he would use his gift only to help the distressed and sick. He was persuaded to give readings on philosophical subjects in 1923 by Arthur Lammers, a wealthy printer. While in his supposed trance state, Cayce spoke unequivocally of past lives. Reincarnation was a popular subject of the day, but is not an accepted part of Christian doctrine. Cayce reported that his conscience bothered him severely over this conflict. Lammers reassured and argued with Cayce. His "trance voice", the "we" of the readings, also supposedly dialogued with Cayce and finally persuaded him to continue with these kinds of readings. In 1925 Cayce reported his "voice" had instructed him to move to Virginia Beach, Virginia. 1925 to 1945--the Virginia Beach periodCayce's mature period, in which he created the several institutions which would survive him in some form. By this time he was a professional psychic with a small staff of employees and volunteers. The "readings" increasingly came to involve metaphysical or esoteric themes.In 1929 the Cayce hospital was established in Virginia Beach sponsored by a wealthy beneficiary of the trance readings, Morton Blumenthal. Cayce gained national prominence in 1943 through a high profile article in Coronet. He increased the frequency of his readings to 8 per day to try to keep up with the level of interest but this took a toll on his health, as he said that it was emotionally draining and often fatigued him. Edgar Cayce suffered a stroke on January 2nd, 1945. He died a day later on January 3rd. Timeline
Precepts
Other Cayce-like figuresMesmer's patron the Marquis de Puysegur was able to "magnetize" an illiterate shepherd named Victor, who then spoke with a vastly greater intelligence. The career of nineteenth-century American seer Andrew Jackson Davis also has many points in common with Cayce's. "Medical clairvoyance" was apparently a familiar category from the Spiritualist movement. The origin of Cayce's trance activity is very similar to that of Davis sixty years earlier. In recent years Elder Porphyrios of Mount Athos was reported to possess a kind of clairvoyance which he called "spiritual television," which he used in ways similar to Cayce. A number of people have sought to identify possible contemporary metaphysical or occult sources for Cayce's teachings. Suggested influences include Spiritualism, Theosophy, New Thought, AMORC Rosicrucianism, the Aquarian Gospel, Baird Spalding, William Dudley Pelley, Manly Palmer Hall, Ignatius Donnelly, Marie Corelli, and Frederick Oliver's book Trance states have also long been used by shamans in healing rituals, being particularly cultivated in some religions, such as Tibetan Buddhism. CriticismSkeptics of Cayce's claimed powers point out that the evidence for Cayce mostly comes in the form of anecdotes and testimonials, neither of which is considered scientifically rigorous. They are also irritated by Cayce's support for various forms of alternative medicine, which they tend to regard as quackery. Cayce's followers accept that he was sometimes inaccurate, and occasionally totally wrong. Cayce's sons, Hugh Lynn Cayce and Edgar Evans Cayce, even co-authored a book called The Outer Limits of Edgar Cayce's Power detailing some of their father's mistakes. They theorize that Cayce's accuracy depended on many variables, such as the spiritual motivation of those seeking the reading. Skeptics identify these theories as excuses intended to prevent paranormal claims from ever being disproven. Cayce's prophecies occupy somewhat shaky ground; however, Cayce repeatedly emphasized that man makes his own destiny. For example, Cayce stated that 1933 would be a "good year", when in fact it was one of the worst in the Great Depression. He predicted that China would convert to Christianity by 1968. He said US scientists would discover a "death ray" from Atlantis in 1958. As mentioned before, Cayce periodically predicted massive earth changes which never occurred— either in the 1930s, 1960s, or 1990s. Cayce's supporters, however, point to successful predictions of the Great Depression, a non-Communist Russia, and the establishment of peace in 1945. They argue that the "Atlantean death-ray" refers to the laser, first demonstrated in 1960 by Theodore Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories in California. They further claim that he foretold the December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in April of 1941, when he stated in Reading 3976-26: “Watch for strife in .. the Indian Ocean.. Ye say that these are of the sea; yes, for there shall the breaking up be." Another common source of criticism has been from conservative Protestantism, which rejects reincarnation and other of Cayce's teachings. Most Christian critics agree with the skeptics, and doubt that Cayce possessed paranormal abilities as claimed. Some accept that he possessed such abilities, but suggest that they were Satanic in origin. Cayce himself is said to have worried about this possibility, and prayed for God to take his abilities away if it were so. In the end he was persuaded by the fact that the "fruits" (healings and so on) were good, or at least appeared so. The fact that by all accounts, some of Cayce's prophecies have failed has led some Christians to cite Isaiah which demands complete accuracy of any prophetic claimant, on pain of death should any prophecy fail. Cayce's supporters however point out that he did not personally claim to be a "prophet" on a par with those of the Bible. Sources of Cayce's BeliefsHopper's Bookstore in Hopkinsville where Cayce worked for many years as a young man specialised in occult and osteopathic works and he may have consciously or otherwise absorbed much of this material. However, knowledge of this material cannot account for most of Cayce's specific diagnoses, such as directing that osteopathic adjustments be given to a developmentally-delayed and seizure-ridden child named Aime Dietrich. She was restored to normal health by Cayce-directed treatments after conventional doctors had pronounced her case hopeless. Books such as Frederick Oliver's Atlantean fantasy and Marie Corelli's novels were probably accessible to Cayce at his bookstore. Corelli's writings in particular seek to reconcile mystical beliefs such as reincarnation with Christianity, and Cayce may have been subconsciously trying to accept this idea. Some books of this type refer to Jesus as "elder brother". However, Cayce's life readings show remarkable consistency over many years. In fact, it has not been demonstrated that Cayce ever was inconsistent in his chronology. (For example, telling a woman whose reading was done in the 1920s that in a lifetime in ancient Persia she was one of three sisters of a warrior; then telling a man whose reading was done in the 1940s that he was that warrior and had two sisters.) Regardless of the accuracy of the information Cayce provided, those who accept that Cayce was unconscious during his "trance" state generally agree that Cayce was not likely to have been an intentional fraud. Evidence for Cayce's abilitiesGina Cerminara published books such as Many Mansions, The World Within and Many Lives,Many Loves which provide compendious information about Cayce's works and buttress his claimed abilities with real life examples. One such example from the book Many Lives,Many Loves, chapter 2 : Clear Seeing People :
See also
SkepticismReferences
Edgar Cayce Edgar Cayce Edgaras Keisas エドガー・ケイシー Edgar Cayce
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